Etiology:
- Normal response to cardiovascular conditioning
- Can result from sinus node dysfunction or from beta blocker or calcium channel blocker excess
Signs and Symptoms:
- May be asymptomatic
- Light-headedness
- Syncope
- Hypotension
ECG Findings:
- Ventricular rate less than 60 beats per minute
- Normal P wave before every QRS complex
Treatments:
- No specific treatments if asymptomatic
- Atropine is used to increase heart rate
- Pacemaker placement
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